A Sliding Mode Control-Based Master-Slave Power Sharing Method for an Islanded Microgrid Considering Voltage Harmonic Improvement

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Msc, Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Msc, Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

4 Professor, Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The proliferation of inverter-based distributed generation (DG) improves the grid features in a variety of aspects. Accordingly, this paper presents a control strategy that provides power-sharing among the different inverter-based DG units; Furthermore, the improvement of the voltage harmonic content of an inverter-based islanded microgrid can be obtained. In this proposed control scheme, sliding mode control is developed in master-slave control scheme and is applied to each inverter as switching method. Two methods of implementation of the control approach are proposed in this paper The first is based on the parallel operation of inverters extended to MG. In the second proposed method, the transmitted reference current only includes the output of voltage loop control of the master unit; furthermore, the received reference current of each slave DG unit is added to its output current. Therefore, the output currents of units are related to the loading and grid configuration. Simulation study implemented in MATLAB/Simulink software shows that the performance of both methods is acceptable in different scenarios while the second method leads to more voltage harmonic enhancement in presence of non-linear loads.

Keywords

References

  1. Niazi, A. N., Vasegh, N., & Birjandi, A. A. M. (2021). An improved hierarchical control structure for robust microgrid operation and seamless mode transfer under linear and nonlinear loads conditions. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications, 34(9), 2167–2179. doi:10.5829/IJE.2021.34.09C.14.
  2. Chen, Y., Lao, K. W., Qi, D., Hui, H., Yang, S., Yan, Y., & Zheng, Y. (2023). Distributed Self-Triggered Control for Frequency Restoration and Active Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 19(10), 10635–10646. doi:10.1109/TII.2023.3240738.
  3. Amini, B., Roshanfekr, R., Hajipoor, A., & Mousazadeh Mousavi, S. Y. (2021). Interface converter control of distributed generation in microgrids using fractional proportional—Resonant controller. Electric Power Systems Research, 194, 107097. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107097.
  4. Eini, M. K., Moghaddam, M. M., Tavakoli, A., & Alizadeh, B. (2021). Stability analysis of AC/DC microgrids in island mode. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics, 34(7), 1750–1765. doi:10.5829/IJE.2021.34.07A.20.
  5. Keshavarz, M., Doroudi, A., Kazemi, M. H., & Dehkordi, N. M. (2021). A new consensus-based distributed adaptive control for islanded microgrids. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions A: Basics, 34(7), 1725–1735. doi:10.5829/IJE.2021.34.07A.17.
  6. Han, H., Liu, Y., Sun, Y., Su, M., & Guerrero, J. M. (2015). An Improved Droop Control Strategy for Reactive Power Sharing in Islanded Microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(6), 3133–3141. doi:10.1109/tpel.2014.2332181.
  7. Ghazanfari, A., Hamzeh, M., Mokhtari, H., & Karimi, H. (2012). Active power management of multihybrid fuel cell/supercapacitor power conversion system in a medium voltage microgrid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3(4), 1903–1910. doi:10.1109/TSG.2012.2194169.
  8. Wu, D., Tang, F., Dragicevic, T., Vasquez, J. C., & Guerrero, J. M. (2014). Autonomous active power control for islanded AC microgrids with photovoltaic generation and energy storage system. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 29(4), 882–892. doi:10.1109/TEC.2014.2358612.
  9. Fani, B., Zandi, F., & Karami-Horestani, A. (2018). An enhanced decentralized reactive power sharing strategy for inverter-based microgrid. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 98, 531–542. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2017.12.023.
  10. Blanco, C., Tardelli, F., Reigosa, D., Zanchetta, P., & Briz, F. (2019). Design of a cooperative voltage harmonic compensation strategy for islanded microgrids combining virtual admittance and repetitive controller. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(1), 680–688. doi:10.1109/TIA.2018.2868691.
  11. Mortezaei, A., Simoes, M. G., Savaghebi, M., Guerrero, J. M., & Al-Durra, A. (2018). Cooperative Control of Multi-Master-Slave Islanded Microgrid with Power Quality Enhancement Based on Conservative Power Theory. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 9(4), 2964–2975. doi:10.1109/TSG.2016.2623673.
  12. Ferro, G., Robba, M., & Sacile, R. (2024). A Fully Distributed Robust MPC Approach for Frequency and Voltage Regulation in Smart Grids with Active and Reactive Power Constraints. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 54(11), 6657–6669. doi:10.1109/TSMC.2024.3426083.
  13. Sun, W., Lin, X., Huang, L., Mu, D., & Zhang, H. (2024). Distributed sliding mode control for reactive power sharing in an islanded microgrid. Electric Power Systems Research, 231, 110342. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110342.
  14. He, J., Li, Y. W., & Blaabjerg, F. (2014). Flexible microgrid power quality enhancement using adaptive hybrid voltage and current controller. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 61(6), 2784–2794. doi:10.1109/TIE.2013.2276774.
  15. Busada, C. A., Jorge, S. G., & Solsona, J. A. (2022). Output Admittance Synthesizer for Synchronverters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 69(5), 4320–4328. doi:10.1109/TIE.2021.3082069.
  16. Safa, A., Madjid Berkouk, E. L., Messlem, Y., & Gouichiche, A. (2018). A robust control algorithm for a multifunctional grid tied inverter to enhance the power quality of a microgrid under unbalanced conditions. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 100, 253–264. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.02.042.
  17. Mousavi, S. Y. M., Jalilian, A., Savaghebi, M., & Guerrero, J. M. (2020). Secondary-control-based harmonics compensation scheme for voltage- And current-controlled inverters in islanded microgrids. IET Renewable Power Generation, 14(12), 2176–2182. doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0782.
  18. Zeng, Z., Li, H., Tang, S., Yang, H., & Zhao, R. (2016). Multi-objective control of multi-functional grid-connected inverter for renewable energy integration and power quality service. IET Power Electronics, 9(4), 761–770. doi:10.1049/iet-pel.2015.0317.
  19. Rodrigues, Y., Monteiro, M., Abdelaziz, M., Wang, L., de Souza, A. Z., & Ribeiro, P. (2020). Improving the autonomy of islanded microgrids through frequency regulation. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 115, 105499. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2019.105499.
  20. Vandoorn, T. L., De Kooning, J. D. M., Meersman, B., & Vandevelde, L. (2013). Review of primary control strategies for islanded microgrids with power-electronic interfaces. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 19, 613–628. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.062.
  21. Ghanizdeh, R., & Gharehpetian, G. B. (2019). Voltage quality and load sharing improvement in islanded microgrids using distributed hierarchical control. IET Renewable Power Generation, 13(15), 2888–2898. doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2019.0467.
  22. Mousavi, S. Y. M., Jalilian, A., Savaghebi, M., & Guerrero, J. M. (2018). Autonomous Control of Current-and Voltage-Controlled DG Interface Inverters for Reactive Power Sharing and Harmonics Compensation in Islanded Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 33(11), 9375–9386. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2018.2792780.
  23. Mousazade Mousavi, S. Y., Jalilian, A., Savaghebi, M., & Guerrero, J. M. (2018). Coordinated control of multifunctional inverters for voltage support and harmonic compensation in a grid-connected microgrid. Electric Power Systems Research, 155, 254–264. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2017.10.016.
  24. Yazdavar, A. H., Azzouz, M. A., & El-Saadany, E. F. (2019). A Novel Decentralized Control Scheme for Enhanced Nonlinear Load Sharing and Power Quality in Islanded Microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 10(1), 29–39. doi:10.1109/TSG.2017.2731217.
  25. Ranjbaran, A., & Ebadian, M. (2018). A power sharing scheme for voltage unbalance and harmonics compensation in an islanded microgrid. Electric Power Systems Research, 155, 153–163. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2017.09.026.
  26. Zeng, Z., Yang, H., Tang, S., & Zhao, R. (2015). Objective-oriented power quality compensation of multifunctional grid-tied inverters and its application in microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30(3), 1255–1265. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2014.2314742.
  27. Zhang, X., Yi, H., Wen, Y., Wang, Z., Li, Q., Kang, F., & Zhuo, F. (2024). A Decentralized Nonlinear Harmonic Power Sharing Scheme Considering Harmonic Residual Capacity and Working Conditions of Fundamental Load. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 39(11), 14533–14549. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2024.3432187.
  28. Haghshenas, M. (2024). A Distributed Control Strategy for Load Sharing and Harmonic Compensation in Islanded PV-based Microgrids. Journal of Solar Energy Research, 9(2), 1926–1941. doi:10.22059/jser.2024.371687.1377.
  29. Abrishamifar, A., Ahmad, A. A., & Mohamadian, M. (2012). Fixed switching frequency sliding mode control for single-phase unipolar inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 27(5), 2507–2514. doi:10.1109/TPEL.2011.2175249.
  30. Han, H., Hou, X., Yang, J., Wu, J., Su, M., & Guerrero, J. M. (2016). Review of power sharing control strategies for islanding operation of AC microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 7(1), 200–215. doi:10.1109/TSG.2015.2434849.
  31. Rokrok, E., Shafie-khah, M., & Catalão, J. P. S. (2018). Review of primary voltage and frequency control methods for inverter-based islanded microgrids with distributed generation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 3225–3235. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.022.
  32. Naderi, Y., Hosseini, S. H., Ghassem Zadeh, S., Mohammadi-Ivatloo, B., Vasquez, J. C., & Guerrero, J. M. (2018). An overview of power quality enhancement techniques applied to distributed generation in electrical distribution networks. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 93, 201–214. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.013.
Contributions of Science and Technology for Engineering
Volume 3, Issue 2
February 2026
Pages 1-10

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 24 June 2025
  • Revise Date: 16 September 2025
  • Accept Date: 14 October 2025
  • First Publish Date: 14 October 2025
  • Publish Date: 01 May 2026

Share

How to cite

Statistics