A High-Gain, Low CRR, Narrow beam width Enhanced Vivaldi Antenna for Through-the- Wall Imaging Radar

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 47148-71167, Iran (e-mail: armin.sh012@gmail.com)

2 with Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol 47148-71167, Iran (corresponding author: e-mail: h_miare@nit.ac.ir)

Abstract

This study presents an optimized ultra-wideband (UWB) Vivaldi antenna engineered for high gain, narrow beamwidth, and superior impedance matching, specifically designed for Through-the-Wall Imaging Radar (TWIR) systems. Fabricated on a cost-effective 0.8-mm-thick FR-4 substrate with dimensions of 148 mm × 85 mm, the antenna incorporates ten open-ended rectangular slits on each arm of the exponentially tapered slot and nine metallic strips at the slot’s end. Through extensive parametric optimization and precise positioning, this configuration uniquely enhances gain by 51% at lower frequencies and 35% at 4 GHz compared to conventional designs, peaking at 12.59 dBi. Operating across 1.9 to 4.5 GHz, it delivers gains exceeding 7 dBi from 2.3 to 4.5 GHz and a narrow beamwidth down to 29.3° at 4 GHz. Validated by CST Microwave Studio simulations and measurements, this antenna outperforms existing TWIR-focused Vivaldi designs in penetration and resolution, making it an exceptional candidate for advanced radar imaging applications.

Keywords

Contributions of Science and Technology for Engineering

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 08 July 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 22 April 2025
  • Revise Date: 31 May 2025
  • Accept Date: 08 July 2025
  • First Publish Date: 08 July 2025
  • Publish Date: 08 July 2025

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